1960 Election

1960 Presidential Campaign



"Kennedy: 
Leadership for the 60's"

vs.

"Nixon-Lodge: They Understand What Peace Demands"

---

Introduction
The 1960 presidential campaign pitted President Eisenhower's Vice President, Richard Nixon, against a young, Democratic Senator from Massachusetts, John F. Kennedy. Under President Eisenhower the Cold War had become more stagnated and the policy of "mutually assured destruction," in a new nuclear age, posed a real and obvious threat to our nation and to the world. Richard Nixon, who had been a member of the staunchly anti-Communist House Un-American Activities Committee while in Congress, put forth a plan of continued military strength and negotiation only on America's terms. Candidate John F. Kennedy signaled a generational shift in leadership that promised to bring new ideas and compromises to an increasingly divided Cold War world. Of note: The Kennedy-Nixon debates were the first televised presidential debates and the youthful Kennedy used his performance against the sick, and more reserved Nixon, to win the youth vote.

---

Campaign Video Prompts

1. Create a T-Chart and track the "Mood" of both campaign ads.
2. Create a T-Chart and track the "Tone" of both campaign ads.
3. Summarize the message of each campaign ad.
4. What was the most effective image/argument/phrase/word from each campaign ad?

Use your above responses and the electoral college map below to answer the following prompts.

1. Who won the election? (What was the popular and electoral vote count for each candidate?)
2. What geographic or regional patterns of electoral votes do you notice?
3. What convincing aspects (or unconvincing aspects for the "also-ran") of the winner's ad could help explain their victory (and margin of victory) in that year's Electoral College?

---

Consulting Primary Source Texts
After completing your investigation and responses to the prompts about the 1960 presidential campaign, you will now examine two primary source documents from this era of Presidential Cold War era.

As you complete a close-read of the provided documents, you should:

• Compose a summary of each document in your own words
• Respond to the given prompts by citing at least two specific pieces of evidence from the text
• Compose a Venn diagram and short paragraph that compares and contrasts the mood, tone, and message of both the documents and the candidate's campaign ads
• Write a brief paragraph prediction as to the successes and/or failures of the president's actions or policies in this Cold War period.

Primary Source One: 1961 Televised Address
Primary Source Two: 1962 Executive Committee Paper

---

Consulting a Secondary Source
In consulting the campaign ads and primary sources from this Cold War presidency, you have only a small lens with which to evaluate their broader foreign policy accomplishments. Now you will review a secondary source treatment of President Kennedy's foreign policy to assess:

• the effectiveness of his actions, policies, and/or doctrines
• the ability of the president to live up to their stated campaign promises

Linked below is the official Office of the Historian summary of President Kennedy's foreign policy. You may choose to find your own secondary source(s) in addition to this source. Review the document and answer the prompts that follow citing at least two pieces of evidence from a primary source.

President Kennedy's Foreign Policy

Questions

1. What foreign policy campaign promise(s) did President Kennedy make in 1960? Did the primary sources or secondary sources provide evidence of keeping or breaking the promise(s)? Explain.
   
2. How did the secondary source explain the success/failure of those policies?

---

Interact with History
As a final assessment of your investigations, choose one of the options below to complete and submit to the website as a comment or email (sean@juniorhistorians.com). Your project must contain at least four cited pieces of evidence from the sources provided.

1. Create a rebuttal campaign ad for the "also-ran" that points out the failures or inaction of the winning president's foreign policy.
2. Create a foreign policy briefing for the president that takes a historical event from one of the primary sources and argues for a different course of action. Be sure to explain the situation and justify your proposed changes.
3. Create a Wordle analysis by pasting the text of each document (two separate Wordles) into Wordle.net/create. Then write a paragraph analysis of the word trends and usage that you observe for each text.
   
4. Find another primary source document related to the president's Cold War foreign policy and submit a video of you completing a close read of that document.
5. Create a multimedia presentation that compares and contrasts two additional campaign ad issues. Additional campaign ads can be found at livingroomcandidate.org.
6. Take a stance and write your own biased secondary source historical review of the president's foreign policy accomplishments.

---